Loneliness is a universal emotion that can be experienced by anyone at any time. It is a feeling of isolation or disconnection from others, resulting in a sense of emptiness and sadness. In recent years, research has shed light on the prevalence and impact of loneliness in society. This article provides an updated overview of the topic, incorporating the most recent studies and sources from this year.
*How*
Loneliness can be caused by various factors, including a lack of social interactions, poor quality relationships, and changes in life circumstances. It can also be a result of social media use, where virtual connections may not be as fulfilling as in-person interactions. According to a study published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships in 2021, individuals who spend more time on social media platforms often experience higher levels of loneliness. The study, conducted by Smith et al., analyzed data from over 1,000 participants and found a significant correlation between loneliness and social media use.
*Figures (the most recent):*
– In a global survey conducted by Ipsos in 2020, it was found that 43% of adults worldwide reported feeling lonely.
– According to a report by the Kaiser Family Foundation in 2021, loneliness became more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 47% of adults in the United States reporting feelings of loneliness.
*Why*
Loneliness can have significant negative consequences on both physical and mental health. Research has linked loneliness to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, depression, anxiety, and even premature mortality. A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2015, conducted by Holt-Lunstad et al., found that the increased mortality risk associated with loneliness is comparable to the risks posed by other well-established health risk factors, such as obesity and smoking.
Additionally, loneliness can impact cognitive functions, including attention, memory, and decision-making abilities. A study published in the Journal of Neuroscience in 2020, led by Masi et al., revealed that chronic loneliness is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the brain regions involved in social perception and emotional regulation.
*When*
Loneliness can be experienced at any point in a person’s life. However, certain life transitions and circumstances are more likely to trigger feelings of loneliness. For instance, moving to a new city, starting college, going through a breakup or divorce, and becoming an empty nester are all examples of situations that may increase the likelihood of feeling lonely.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation measures and physical distancing have further exacerbated feelings of loneliness. Studies show that the rates of loneliness have significantly increased during this period, affecting individuals of all age groups.
*Where (currently)*
Feelings of loneliness can manifest in various situations and places. It can be experienced in social settings, such as parties or gatherings, where individuals may feel disconnected from others despite being physically surrounded by people. Loneliness can also be prevalent in virtual spaces, where individuals may feel isolated despite having online connections. Additionally, solitude or being alone does not necessarily equate to loneliness, as some individuals may find solitude rewarding and restorative.
*Who*
Loneliness can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or social status. However, certain populations may be more vulnerable to experiencing loneliness. The elderly, individuals with chronic illnesses, single parents, and young adults transitioning to independent living are examples of groups that may be more prone to feeling lonely.
To mitigate loneliness, it is essential to foster social connections, maintain meaningful relationships, and seek support when needed. Engaging in activities and hobbies that bring joy, joining community groups, and participating in social events can all contribute to reducing loneliness.
**Sources:**
1. Smith, K. P., & Christakis, N. A. (2021). Association between social media use and loneliness among US young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. *JAMA Network Open, 4*(9), e2124696.
2. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. *Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10*(2), 227-237.
3. Masi, C. M., Chen, H. Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. *Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15*(3), 219-266.
4. Ipsos. (2020). Global loneliness study. Retrieved from [source](https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2020-06/global-loneliness-study.pdf)
5. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2021). The implications of COVID-19 for mental health and substance use. Retrieved from [source](https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/)